We discuss the classical efficiency criteria in density estimation and propose some variants. The context is a general density estimation scheme that contains the cases of i.i.d. or dependent random variables, in discrete or continuous time. Unbiased estimation, optimality and asymptotic optimality are considered. An example of a density estimator that satisfies some suggested criteria is given.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Despite the growing trend in the petrochemical industry in the country, the industry has faced challenges and accomplishments. One of the most important challenges in the petrochemical industry is energy management in the refinery. Fajr Jam refinery is designed to refine part of sour gas produced from Phase 6 of South Pars gas field in Iran and the nominal capacity of gas refining at this site, to determine the factors affecting energy consumption in the ophthalmic furnaces, 104 and 109 kilns were selected and the following were monitored scientifically: monitoring of furnace wall temperature with thermography, furnace feed analysis, steak gas analysis and energy efficiency of furnaces. The results of this study showed that in the furnace 104, the design efficiency and real efficiency was 92. 98 and 84. 67, respectively and for the furnace 109, the design efficiency and real efficiency was 94. 98 and 71. 18, respectively. As a result, the amount of energy loss is high and should save energy consumption in these furnaces and improve efficiency; replacement of refractory refractories is also a replacement of insulation.

Sugar beet is one of the industrial productions of agricultural sector that plays an important role in providing the required sugar inside. In the present study, the types of efficiency including technical efficiency Under Constant and Variable Return to Scale efficiency, allocative, economics, scale, and management efficiency have been calculated. In addition, Sugar beet producers were ranked using method basis application of data envelopment analysis. This research was performed using data of 13 sugar beet producing provinces in 2014 in the GAMS software. Based on the results of calculating the economic efficiency of sugar beet producers, there is a great potential for improving economic efficiency in the studied areas. The investigations of this research reflect the fact that the main factor in the difference in economic efficiency is technical efficiency and the scale efficiency is the factor of lowing in technical efficiency. Based on the cross-efficiency results West Azarbaijan, Kermanshah and Khorasan Razavi provinces have the highest and provinces of Semnan, South Khorasan and Ilam have the lowest rank. The results of the ranking also show that, among the more efficient provinces, those who have a larger share than sugar beet production have a better performance. The approach of the maximum relative distance from anti ideal decision making unit provides the most favorable outcome for the differentiation of the efficiency of decision-making units. Government support increasing and shopping law reform can reduce the risk of production and thus increase the scale of production in the cultivation of sugar beet yield. . .

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

At coordinated signals, a signal may go to transition due to oversized pedestrian timing, transit signal priority (TSP), or emergency vehicles. In these situations, a signal tries to bring back disrupted coordination to its original plan by a transition option. There are several options for transitions, including Dwell, Max Dwell, Add, Subtract, and Short way. To have a quantitative tool to analyze different transition options, mathematical models of transition methods were developed. Then the mathematical models of transition options were implemented into software called TOD (Transition Options’ Delays), which is an open-source program available for anyone who is interested in using it. With this software, practitioners simply input the common timing parameters such as cycle length, vehicle and pedestrian volume, and required pedestrian timing. The software will then give a recommendation based on the overall delay. The mathematical models and the related TOD software are expected to provide improved recommendations when dealing with pedestrian crossings at coordinated signal systems.

In group decision analysis, numerous approaches have been suggested in an attempt to solve the problem of aggregation of individual fuzzy opinion to form a group consensus as the basis of a group decision. If the inputs and outputs are fuzzy quantity, the decision making units can not be easily evaluated and ranked using the obtained efficiency scores. In this article, a kind of modified idea based on interactive method is introduced for ranking of decision making units with fuzzy data by weighted distance.